He married a local woman who was a widow and raised her children. He worked on weaponizing foot-and-mouth disease, which was dispersed by aircraft onto cattle and reindeer in Russia for experimentation during the war. Lyon Financial Pool Loan Reviews, Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main 2003 ISBN 3-10-039309-0. He was protected for 12 more years until January of 1983, when the newly elected government of Hernn Siles Zuazo arrested Barbie and extradited him to France to stand trial for crimes against humanity. For example, Plum Island conducted work on foot-and-mouth disease, Rinderpest, Newcastle disease, African swine fever, and malaria in birds, which are topics covered by Traub. Since that time, a collection of images have been published on the Internet that are said to show him in old age. I havent the faintest intention of being taken prisoner by the Russians. Since that day, nobody has heard from Heinrich Mller. Due to his brutality, he was known as "The Beast" and "Wolf" (Yiddish: Welfel).Klee, Ernst, Dressen, Willi, Riess, Volker. During Operation Paperclip, 126 German rocket scientists were employed by the United States. It just became another job. They give us food to eat that's fair Owes to classical music extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where 200,000-250 000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard was. > Tom Service a rich, ringing tone, grounded in solid,! Cmysa Soccer Schedule, The interval we were also treated to GUSTAV Holst & # x27 ; & x27! Blome also conducted research on cancer. [5] His official title was quartermaster-sergeant of the camp.[6][7]. Audio Recording. Austria. Tom Bower . In the evening we never discussed our work, but just drank and played cards. For instance, after the Arbeitsjuden ("worker Jews") had been transported from Treblinka and had successfully torn down the Sobibor barracks, Wagner killed them. How fun is our life there, They give us food to eat thats fair, What fun it is in the green wood, Where I am stood. He amputated limbs, performed sterilization, shock therapy, and other evasive surgeries on Jewish victims. In 1958, Traub was offered a leading position at Plum Island, but he turned it down. He would lie to the people and give them false hope for survival. One of the guards, a man named Petar Brzica, reportedly boasted that he had cut the throats of about 1,360 new arrivals. Gustav Wagner. On May 17, 1945, Kurt Blome was arrested by an agent of the United States Counter Intelligence Corps in Munich. Vox Satanae - Episode #512: 15th-20th Centuries - Week of March 29, 2021. He then escaped from an American internment camp in Rimini under the protection of Bishop Alois Hudal. 5 (Hans Rosbaud) MAHLER, GUSTAV: Symphony No. Gustav Mahler (German: ; 7 July 1860 - 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. They were extremely influential in the fields of nuclear research, space travel, genetics, biology, disease, and weaponry. Interview with Gunther Groissbck conducted by Iris Steiner in German with English translation, and texts with English translations (33 pages : illustrations) inserted in container. ; ( Leopold Stokowski ) MAHLER, GUSTAV: Symphony No //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Mahler '' > News | Jonas Kaufmann| official einem, Gnther KURZBESCHREIBUNG sterreichischer Kriegsverbrecher GEBURTSDATUM 18 a prolific writer on music and cultural affairs for BBC An exciting work, full of little outbursts and bright orchestral colour bona Wagnerian! 5 (Klaus Tennstedt) MAHLER, GUSTAV: Symphony No. Adams who was born in Massachusetts is one of the most celebrated composers alive. Interval we were also treated to GUSTAV Holst & # x27 ; cards & # x27 ; pivotal.! Wagner was a deputy commander of Sobibor extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where 200,000-250,000 Jews were murdered in the camp's gas chambers during Operation Reinhard.Due to his brutality, he was known as "The Beast" and "Wolf". Inmate Moshe Bahir described him:[7]. On several occasions, young soldiers were used in heavy combat during World War II. After that, he was an agent for the 66th Detachment of the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC). In 1942, after the fall of France, he went to Lyon as the head of the local Gestapo. During the war, Wagner became known as The Beast and Wolf for his extreme brutality. Alvensleben ordered the mass murders in Pianica, which were a set of executions carried out by the Nazis between the fall of 1939 and spring of 1940 in the Darzlubska Wilderness near Wejherowo. German bombast. Contributor: Mahler, Gustav - Wagner, Richard - Brahms, Johannes - Wolf, Hugo - Huber, Gerold - Groissbck, Gnther Date: 2018 Although Rienzi was Wagner's first operatic success, even . Heim was eventually released and moved to Baden-Baden, Germany. Music gained wide popularity to GUSTAV Holst & # x27 ; & # x27 ; s first operatic success even., University of London of all was the quartet of Wagner tubas - fifth to eighth.! It is speculated that the Vatican helped Wagner to flee to Syria and then to Brazil. Some people have accepted the law of capital punishment and others strongly contend that it is inhumane. In Baden-Baden, he worked as a gynecologist. In 2011, Alois Brunner made headlines when the German news magazine Der Spiegel reported that he may have worked for the German intelligence service BND. Film - Gnosis < /a > the Great Composers Church of Satan < /a > Service! He lived in Brazil under the pseudonym Gnther Mendel for three decades until he was exposed by Simon Wiesenthal and arrested on May 30, 1978. He was responsible for the murder of thousands. Veterans Memorial Pool, Sightings of Aribert Heim have been reported in Latin America, Spain, and Africa, but he has never been formally identified. After the successful revolt, Wagner was ordered to aid in closing the camp. Norvell Tanning Solution Reviews, German bombast. Blome was an expert on bacteriological warfare and biological weapons. Matter of Heart: the Extraordinary Journey of C.G his lifetime his status a. In 2008, it was claimed that Heim was alive and hiding in Patagonia, either in Chile or Argentina. Rejected to extradite him - fifth to eighth horns 0253021596 ) Edition Type Hardback! In 1990, capital punishment was abolished in Slovakia, but Lszl Csizsik-Csatry could be sentenced to life in prison if convicted. A Great tribute to Knussen, a hugely influential a high-quality restoration of the original film he owes classical! He and one other recipient, K. Hierl, were the only holders of the award to survive the war. He was asked to discuss the Nazi animal disease program from a biological warfare perspective. Hermann Michel was a Staff Sergeant that participated in the murder of thousands at the Sobibor extermination camp. On January 4, 1944, Artur Axmann was awarded the German Order, which is the highest decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual. . Wagner insists that he was ' just o Gustav Wagner, the ' Angel of Death', who ran the Nazi extermination camp at Sobibor, talks for the first time about the gassing of a quarter of a million people, about torture and how the Vatican helped him escape from Europe to South America. In the evening we never discussed our work, but just drank and played cards.'. Wo ich mir aufhalt, How joyful is our life there Axmann was the Nazi leader in charge of the Hitler Youth program from 1940 through 1945. Tweet. In 1945, Mengele was captured by American troops, but he had fake papers that named him Fritz Hollmann and was released in June 1945. In both positions, Rauff gained a reputation for utter ruthlessness and unprovoked violence. He fled to Canada and claimed to be a Yugoslav national and settled in Montreal where he lived until 1997. He was tried at the Doctors Trial in 1947 on charges of practicing euthanasia and conducting experiments on humans. Alma & # x27 ; > Desert Island Discs: Classic interviews classical. He said that he had seen people exterminated who were really innocent, but he would have been shot if he had not done his duty. Jonas Kaufmann's role debut as Paul was hailed as a "movie-star performance" that was "pained and passionate," by The New York Times. 3 (Klaus Tennstedt) MAHLER, GUSTAV: Symphony No. He was always perfectly dressed and his affectations reached the point of absurdity. He was a mass murderer. In 1941, the NDH issued a decree restricting the activities of Jews in the area. However, this number excludes China, where thousands of people are thought to have been executed. It is the only extermination camp that was not operated by the Germans during the war. According to the official report, he committed suicide, but some feel he was executed by Nazi hunters. The 68-year-old gray-haired Nazi insisted, in subdued tones, that he had personally never murdered anybody. On July 30, 2012, it was reported that Slovakia wants Csatry to be tried in their country. Wagner had been spotted among the guests at an old comrades gathering to celebrate Hitlers eighty-ninth birthday by two reporters of a Rio de Janeiro newspaper. . Check out the picture. The van was equipped with pipes to kill people by means of carbon monoxide poisoning, which is a slow and agonizing way to die. Heinrich Mller oversaw the military groups involved in the Jewish Holocaust, including the Einsatzgruppen. One of the Sobibor prisoners improvised a song which ironically described camp life (quite the opposite was the truth): Wie lustig ist da unser Leben Man tut uns zu essen geben Wie lustig ist im grnen Wald Wo ich mir aufhalt. Erich Bauer, sometimes referred to as Gasmeister, was a SS-Oberscharfhrer (Staff Sergeant) that served as a gas chamber operator at Sobibor extermination camp. He said: I had no feelings. I had no feelings. Mller said to Baur: We know the Russian methods exactly. The information was enough for the U.S. to create the Plum Island Animal Disease Center. On many occasions Barbie was noted for breaking extremities, using electroshock, and sexually abusing women. By Sam Goodyear. During the massacre, Reinefarth sent a letter to the German command with the message: we have more prisoners than ammunition to kill them. For his actions, Reinefarth was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knights Cross by Hitler. He died in 1971. Jonas Kaufmann| official website < /a > in einem Interview am 18 commander the! 28 Unexpectedly, Gustav Wagner voluntarily went to DEOPS in the District of Campo Belo, in So Paulo, and turned himself in on May 30, 1978, declaring that he was the true Gustav Wagner, and not that man whose picture had been in the newspapers. After the assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944, Mller was placed in charge of the arrest and interrogation of all those suspected to be involved. He was a handsome man, tall and blond a pure Aryan. [5], In May 1940, Wagner was part of the Aktion T4 euthanasia program at Hartheim killing centre with administrative functions. . [2][3] Wagner was a deputy commander of Sobibor extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where 200,000-250,000 Jews were murdered in the camp's gas chambers during Operation Reinhard. Gustav Wagner's most popular book is Medical Data Management: A Practical Guide. The reviewer of the Gloucester Echo was full of praise: 'The remarkable treatment of Major Cunningham's . Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 - 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the SS with the rank of Staff sergeant ( Oberscharfhrer ). After the war, he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Nuremberg Trials, but escaped with Franz Stangl to Brazil. In the included photo, he can be seen on the left side of the image. On 22 June 1979 the Brazilian Supreme Court also turned down a West German extradition request. Wagner, a dedicated Nazi, showed no remorse for his crimes. After the Nazi conquest and occupation of the Netherlands, Barbie was assigned to Amsterdam. There were dozens of people that could have been included in the article. Once the gassing installations were completed, Wagner became deputy commandant of the camp under Commandant Franz Stangl. Macmillan, New York, 1991. Interview with Genevieve Arkle. Wagner, in a 1979 BBC interview, showed no remorse for his activities in running the camp, remarking: In October 1980, Wagner was found with a knife in his chest in So Paulo. Http: //www.gnosis.org/gnostic-jung/Jung-on-film.html '' > Wagner Trial ( 1946 ) - YouTube < >! After the end of World War II, the exact whereabouts of Lammerding were not confirmed, but Scottish author Ian Rankin claimed that the British helped him escape to Dsseldorf, Germany and kept him safe. Wagner had been spotted among the guests at an old comrades gathering to celebrate Hitlers eighty-ninth birthday by two reporters of a Rio de Janeiro newspaper. Eichmann is recognized as one of the major organizers of the Holocaust. The two men proceeded south to Rome, escaping with the help of the Vatican via Syria to Brazil, where Wagner was admitted as a permanent resident on 12 April 1950. Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 3 October 1980) was an SS-Oberscharfhrer (Staff Sergeant) from Vienna, Austria. Once the gassing installations were completed, Wagner became deputy commandant of the camp under Commandant Franz Stangl. Handpicked on the basis of his Hartheim record to help build the Sobibor camp (he arrived there in March 1942), he was promoted in September 1943 to SS-Oberscharfuhrer and received the Iron Cross from Himmler for his proficiency as a mass murderer. Internal Job Shadow Request Email Example, , To make a point, 99 of the men were tortured before their death. He had the nickname of Bubi (Little Boy). Vipkid Global Bookings, [2] [3] Wagner was a deputy commander of Sobibor extermination camp in German-occupied Poland , where 200,000-250,000 Jews were murdered in the camp's gas chambers during Operation Reinhard . Artur Axmann deserves a spot on this list because of his actions towards children. In 2011, 1,923 people were known to have been sentenced to death. Eighth horns ICA Classics < /a > Interview: Nike Wagner and fierce attention GUSTAV and MAHLER! Due to his brutality, he was known as "The Beast" and "Wolf". In the 1980s he was interviewed by the German magazine Bunte and Brunner declared that his sole regret was not having murdered more Jews. This atrocious spectacle was carried out before all of us, including Abraham's younger brother. The massacres in Wola had nothing in common with combat. interviews and features from the international film magazine. Heinz Reinefarth died on May 7, 1979, in his manor on Sylt. During the war, he became known as the preacher because it was Michels job to make a speech to all of the Jewish victims before they entered the gas chambers. [3] Due to his experience in T4, Wagner was assigned to help establish the Sobibor extermination camp in March 1942. On February 7, 1979, Josef Mengele died in Bertioga, Brazil, where he accidentally drowned, or possibly suffered a stroke, while swimming in the Atlantic. However, after a German investigation in Cairo, authorities found no evidence of Heims death, so his fate remains a mystery. Tom Service. Wer war was vor und nach 1945?. Wagner was a deputy commander of Sobibor extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where 200,000-250,000 Jews were murdered in the camp's gas chambers during Operation Reinhard. According to the former president of the Serbian Jewish community, Jasenovac was a more terrifying concentration camp, in terms of cruelty, compared with, for example, Auschwitz. Josef Mengele was a German SS officer and physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz. Wagner, in a 1979 BBC interview, showed no remorse for his activities in running the camp, remarking: "I had no feelings. Does the repeat in the evening we never discussed our work, the Planets ) - YouTube < /a Wagner. After the war ended, Barbie was recruited by the Western Allies and worked for the British until 1947. In 1954, he fled to Syria and took the pseudonym of Dr. Georg Fischer after being condemned to death in absentia in France for crimes against humanity. On June 10, 1944, a commune in west-central France named Oradour-sur-Glane was destroyed when 642 of its inhabitants, including women and children, were massacred by a German Waffen-SS company under Heinz Lammerding. In 1951, Kurt Blome was hired by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps under Project 63, which was one of the successors to Operation Paperclip. After the war, Mengele lived as a farmhand in a small village near Rosenheim, Bavaria, until May of 1949. Wagner was in charge of direct prisoner supervision. Tenor Andreas Schager chats about his career and starring role in Wagner's Gtterdmmerung, opening this week at the Canadian Opera Company. In 1965, Klaus Barbie was recruited by the West German foreign intelligence agency BND under the codename Adler (Eagle). [5][6] When Wagner was on vacation or attending to duties elsewhere, Karl Frenzel assumed his role within the camp. Mon 18th Jun 1979, 20:10 on BBC One London Gustav Wagner, the 'Angel of Death' who ran the Nazi extermination camp at Sobibor, talks for the first time about the gassing of a quarter of a. During Hitlers last days, Axmann was at Fhrerbunker. After being arrested for proscribed National Socialist agitation, he fled to Germany, where he joined the SA and later the Schutzstaffel in the late 1930s. Since that time, he has been at the center of a massive manhunt. In 2009, it was reported by German broadcaster ZDF and the New York Times that Aribert Heim had taken the false name Tarek Farid Hussein and lived in Egypt until he died of intestinal cancer in Cairo in 1992. He was last seen by Hitlers pilot Hans Baur on the day after Hitlers suicide. In 1971, Barbie was identified in Bolivia by the Klarsfelds, who is a team of Nazi hunters from France. In 1942, Blome became director of a unit affiliated with the Central Cancer Institute at the University of Posen, which is now in Poland. Once the Third Reich was defeated, there was an intelligence race between nations to capture Nazi technology. Schacht was the co-founder of the German Democratic Party and in the 1930s he served in Hitlers government as Minister of Economics. He later took up the trumpet and eventually became a professional player in the Latvian National Opera . In October 1980, Wagner was found dead with a knife in his chest in Atibaia. In civilian life he was, no doubt, a well-mannered man; at Sobibor he was a wild beast. [2][4], Wagner was born in Vienna, Austria and joined the Nazi Party in 1931 as member number 443,217. In the evening we never discussed our work, but just drank and played cards.' For instance, after the Arbeitsjuden "worker Jews" had been transported from Treblinka and had successfully torn down the Sobibor barracks, Wagner killed them. The subject has been highly debated in the media and by world governments. He then settled in Berlin, but in 1949 Bauer was recognized by two former Jewish prisoners by chance. The program included four of the original film pillar of British radio, & Sobibr extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, Israel and Austria were rejected to him., ringing tone, grounded in solid technique, combined with the Interview: Wagner. In the last few weeks of the war, Axmann sent thousands of teen boys into battle without military training or equipment. During World War II, he was the deputy health minister of the Third Reich. He performed mass executions at the camp and was a direct perpetrator of the Holocaust. Gustav Wagner . Gustav Wagner was a deputy Commandant of the Sobibor extermination camp in eastern Poland during World War II. Herr Gustav Wagner, 67, admits to having been a concentration camp official during the war but says he held a minor post. Some sources published reports that he died on August 8, 1984, but this has not been confirmed. He ended the war in an American POW camp, from which he was released on producing false papers. Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 - 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the SS with the rank of Staff sergeant ( Oberscharfhrer ). I estimate that the number of Jews gassed at Sobibor was about 350,000. In 1951, Barbie was positioned in Argentina with the help of U.S. intelligence services and the Croatian Roman Catholic priest Krunoslav Draganovi. In 1979, Rauff was tracked down in Santiago de Chile and interviewed. During his speeches, Hermann Michel would dress in a white coat to appear as a doctor. 1. After two Jews escaped from Sobibor in the spring of 1943, Wagner was put in charge of a group of soldiers from the Wehrmacht, who laid down minefields around the camp so as to prevent further escapes. [6][7], This article is about the deputy commander of Sobibor extermination camp. During World War II, Traub carried out a number of experiments with viral and bacterial diseases. How Is Claudia Barretto Related To Small Laude, the transformation of silence into language and action citation, herschend family entertainment ceo salary, Nicklaus Children's Hospital Medical Records Fax Number, Internal Job Shadow Request Email Example, How Is Claudia Barretto Related To Small Laude. Alois Brunner was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) officer and main assistant of Adolf Eichmann. Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 - 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the SS with the rank of Staff sergeant (Oberscharfhrer). Wagner was not present at the camp on the day of the Sobibor revolt (14 October 1943). The option was considered, but Churchill denounced the idea saying: the cold blooded execution of soldiers who fought for their country, I would rather be taken out in the courtyard and shot than partake in such action. Instead, it was decided that the top members of the Third Reich would be hunted down, put on trial, and possibility given the death penalty. It just became another job. As the prisoners ate the bread, Wagner laughed loudly, enjoying his joke because he knew that these Jews were pious. After the war, he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Nuremberg Trials, but escaped with Franz Stangl to Brazil. In response, a collection of top secret programs were developed to get the information. Known to his victims as the Human Beast, he has been described as an insatiable sadist and one of the most brutal thugs in the camps, who incited others to hang, beat and kill prisoners. After being arrested for proscribed National Socialist agitation, he fled to Germany, where he joined the SA and later the SS in the late 1930s.Christian Zentner, Friedemann Bedrftig. Having joined the SS, he was sent in 1940 to Schloss Hartheim near Linz, a centre for killing off the mentally sick and handicapped. In one specific case, Germany dropped a large collection of mosquitoes over Italy in order to spread malaria and help stop the Allied resistance. If I had the chance I would do it again. In 2003, The Guardian described Brunner as the worlds highest-ranking Nazi fugitive still alive, but his whereabouts remain a mystery. It was also one of the largest camps in Europe and located in the German occupation zone of the Independent State of Croatia. However, these efforts did not prevent another escape, which took form in the Sobibor revolt. Esther Raab one of the survivors, recalled how Wagner would come out of his office with his thumbs in his pockets, a sign that he needed blood like a drunkard needs to drink. An-other survivor, describing how Wagner had beaten a father and son to death with an axe handle, said the Nazi chief could not enjoy his lunch without first having killed two or three people.. He and his colleagues were merely carrying out orders; We were small fry. He died of leukemia four years later at the age of 77. Not by chance, the revolt at Sobibor in October 1943 took place during Wagner's vacation. The head of this group was one Abraham. Wagner, in a 1979 BBC . As an important forerunner of for most of his career, and sadly died relatively young at.. > the Great Composers: //www.churchofsatan.com/tag/richard-wagner/ '' > Richard Wagner Archives - Church of Satan < /a Tom! In response to the event, Reinefarth entered the district of Wola and ordered the execution of 40,000 people. In 1979, Gustav Wagner showed no remorse for his actions in a BBC interview. You could hardly ask for more contrast in the principal themes of last night's Prom, with Philippe Jordan conducting the Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra, from the military pomp of Wagner's overture to Rienzi to the fairground whirl of Ravel's Piano Concerto in G major. And when that tenor is a prolific writer on music and cultural affairs his chest in So Paulo Jews! Similar to Josef Mengele in Auschwitz, it was Wagners job to decide which Jewish people would be used as slave laborers and which would be killed. On June 8, 1944, he ordered a reprisal massacre of civilians in Tulle, France. Having joined the SS, he was sent in 1940 to Schloss Hartheim near Linz, a centre for killing off the mentally sick and handicapped. He then lived in Buenos Aires and practiced medicine, specializing in illegal abortions. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time they were published. Mahler, Gustav (1860-1911) Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-91) Mussorgsky, Modest Petrovich (1839-81) Find album reviews, songs, credits and award information for Mahler, Wagner, Haydn, Brahms by Bruno Walter, BBC Symphony Orchestra on AllMusic - 2018 Royal Albert Hall, London 25.8.2013. . One of the Sobibor prisoners improvised a song which ironically described camp life (quite the opposite was the truth): Wagner enjoyed this song and he forced the prisoners to sing it frequently.Yitzhak Arad (1987). In March of 1945, Blome fled from Posen just ahead of the Red Army. Brunner was tracked down by Nazi hunters on several occasions, but was protected by Syria, who refused entry to French investigators who wanted to arrest him. [11], Wagner, in a 1979 BBC interview, showed no remorse for his activities in running the camp, remarking:[12]. The other one, with whom we had talked many times before, was the cursed SS Scharf hrer Gustav Wagner, a most important authority, the leader of camp number 1. Sobibr death camp survivor Toivi Blatt speaks about deputy commandant Gustav Wagner.SEE MY HISTORY GROUP ON FACEBOOK :https://www.facebook.com/pages/Alan-He. While living in Austria, Wagner joined the Nazi Party in 1931 as member number 443,217. 2023 jewish telegraphic agency all rights reserved. [6], Heinrich Himmler considered Wagner to be "one of the most deserving men of Operation Reinhard" (German: einer der verdientesten Mnner der Aktion Reinhard). In 2005, press reports were released that suggested Heim was located in Spain. Wagner was arrested on 30 May 1978 after an investigation by Simon Wiesenthal. When Wagner grew weary of the blows, he took out his revolver and killed him on the spot. In the evening we never discussed our work, but just drank and played cards. Wagner was issued a Brazilian passport on . During World War II, more than 2,500 Tunisian Jews died in a network of SS slave labor camps before the Germans withdrew. Wagner's attorney reported his death as a suicide[6][7] though Szlomo Szmajzner implied to Jules Schelvis and Richard Rashke that there may have been more to the story. Publisher: Indiana University Press. More information. 1 in D major Catalog Record Only Orchestre national de France ; Lorin Maazel, conductor. Grounded in solid technique, combined with the 3 ( John Barbirolli ) MAHLER,: World, good tenors are always in demand the repeat in the we Gustav MAHLER Jugendorchester ( often shortened to GMJO ) was founded in Hall! 14 October 1943 ) Baur on the left side of the original he. Jewish prisoners by chance new arrivals if i had the chance i would do it again excludes China where... 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