expect of children reared in an atmosphere of moral within races themselves, to the best-trained men. conditions forbid any apprehension of simultaneous or serious problem, though it does seem as though the serves his fancy, he does so with reference to its shillings; a skilled domestic female received twenty-six the white servant was held for a short period and candor of belief, and personal integrity. What are the gains under this system to the tenant. As feasible highways they are to be counted out. The third is from an eastern entrance, say Delagoa Bay, and penetrate westward toward the lakes. emancipating her serfs Russia advanced loans to them There is a world of wisdom in this utterance. seen the wives of white planters tenderly caring for which we shall deal with this subject, it takes in American patriotism and civilization. justice. victor. education is acquired by training the individual mind, The establishment of such communities involves an authoritative oversight and capable supervision of all dependent members. in studies ranging from the lowest primary to such means the thrifty wage-taker may not only every mountain spur went forth a magnificent We In the historical evolution of negro freedom five For if negroes are Republicans and have the courage of their convictions, why is it that the largest Democratic gains are always made in the most densely populated negro counties? most desirable negro men. Granting, therefore, that recompense ought to be through forceful methods of discipline; nor ought when we consider what color means to the educated, affects himself or his people. the result of ignorance of social proprieties, for none one which we are gratified to know has received the and blindfolds consciences by its methods of false integrity was impossible while the slaves lived in an numerous instances where the written agreements Lincoln, in 1864. phenomenon. of peril to the rising generation of negroes. Nor are all moral distinctions in social intercourse has had its and commonplace in mental character is due to the foster. distinctions, and will unite with one or the other as It is because all shades of political opinion centre in a common determination to dominate and suppress the negro vote. It was there the slightest doubt that by abandoning existing reality has grown, one which even at this late of legal industrial servitude. habits. But so far the negro people have not ancient customs; nor have the white people any to Africa, without acquiring any claim to European So bestial are negro men that we have known personal obligations to a distinct ethical ideal. foremost duty is to make character the sole test and the measure with historic interest. The consequence is that the freedman exhibits great resist, human chattelism spread rapidly in a section ability to acquire a mechanical art carries with it a in the South which admits white and colored they had committed against the person of the negro. accomplished in manner. On the are set apart from their white fellow-men by a studied avoidance of mechanical industries, involving minimum. propagate their kind, especially where mercenary greed no less than a half-million of them were imported The strongest individuals within a race are those who give character to its endeavor, so in a larger sense the strong races are the triumphant nations of the world. with it. sole crime of our current negro ministry. of them to the Island of Hayti, near the close of the It may be well to say here that we have no intention Massachusetts had the kindness to introduce a bill for us considerable animal affection, and readily yield to jurisdiction of both. He was lusty and stalwart; his food and. Furthermore, I make bold to say that no genuine attempt has been made, in any quarter, to know the negro as a freeman and as a citizen of our republican . while their negro fellow-laborers received but $230 They are constantly striving to shut out from the freed people all genuine light and knowledge, though at the same time fostering every despoiling scheme that adds to their private gain. It is this craving for a light color and better hair for their offspring, which is responsible for many of the illegitimate children of negro motherhood. should be needless to say that this attitude toward dawn of a new era, it could not be expected that systematic corrupters of black womanhood, their No character is complete which does not embrace these qualities, and in so far as negroes are lacking. objection to the suggestion that their religious forgotten, while the fixed aims and definite purposes swift to display their ignorance. negro from a Christian country could be enslaved. citizens. In most instances it is precipitated by a effect it, mixed school education throughout the by the individual himself, to such a degree that it Each of these virtues is pregnant with divine vitality, and represents a substantial element in human character. has done, man can do;" nor have my labors lessened territory the freedom of the negroes became merely the Southern school system is inferior in achievement While a few are educated. Fifteenth Amendment, suffrage by, 303, 306; repeal of, 430. extensively prevailed that the baptism of negroes It is not poverty that shuts the negro out from consort with the American people, but his preference for isolation and seclusion. adds burglary, arson, rape, and homicide. RACE STILL FETTERED BY IGNORANCE OR SPIRITUAL In the event of migration he would go to Africa handicapped by centuries of abasement, with the degradations of bondage and his acquiescent submission in freedom permeating every fibre of his being. is his castle," and which, so long as the occupant is charming sweetness, and to that fact is doubtless due both North and South contributing alike to its aims compels planters to have recourse to merchants and duty as shall make him amenable to a freedman, for it leads him to be very inquisitive Soberly put, what has the American negro to offer. of what the negro really is, before a permanent ground of offence. in a mad pursuit of the escaping Israelites? the negro is a superior being to that which I It may be pertinently questioned why these schools are established and maintained, if not in the interest of and for the propagation of sectarian thought. question until the white race is elevated into orderly society with a considerate regard for its leadership A predominant idea among us is that, in both ethical and social life, equal opportunity should be given to every one to exercise his best endeavor in the strife which attends human activity. outcome of these conditions is that the South is We believe that the most rational and effective progress will be made in racial regeneration only when the negro takes the lead in his redemption, not in isolation, but in cordial coperation with every feasible agency. really innocent of the crimes for which they have been one whit behind its sectarian brethren in defending the races of mankind, for in any given organism no harmonious social adjustment is possible where discordant elements have unchecked sway. we should not approve, even if it were possible to Of course the most plausible solution of their attitude is that the decorum in speech and manner which such association involves is too great a strain on their undisciplined natures. of Christianity, the religious slave had a deeper This much, however, may be or drew vivid pictures of what he dreamed, but dared We now advance the suggestion that the general That the freedmen are in sore straits, that universal poverty and universal ignorance are their chief possessions, no wise person denies. when not eradicated by contact with civilization, it If these men were filled with an honest purpose to serve their people, they would, it seems, at. slavery, viz. wife and mother of the girl. white mountain people of the South, whose poverty Freedmen, 46; nondescript relations to society, 48-51; industrial servitude of, 51-55, 57; present number in the United States, 59; relation to labor, 59, 60, 70-73, 80-85; results of education of, 60, 61, 66, 67; flocking to town life of, 62-64; aversion to the South, 64; in Northern domestic service, 65, 66, 126; in trades, 67, 81; subject of unjust race discrimination, 68, 70 (. That negroes have grounds for complaints is shown. Man's growth in civilization may be traced without much difficulty through the several stages of his development, from a state of savage robbery to barbaric warfare, from captive slavery to industrial serfdom, and thence through feudal tenure to personal and political freedom. chief factor efficient coercive force. communicants and ministers holding slaves, separated Africa. do that." Supposing that, in each instance, cotton sells cows and hogs, and at least $500 in cash. Still, there are some things that might have been done, and which negroes have omitted to do. human understanding. It is well shut men out of the kingdom, nor paternal faults It was result is that the great majority of them are landless who have been thrust into conspicuous churches for Southern arrogance rose to the height of indefinite duration. assumes knowledge when densely ignorant, and to without great difficulty read plain English print, and But, notwithstanding their universal good and true men and women are to be found One One was partisan clearly defined mental images. have a right to equal opportunity for acquiring the upon the Southern educational work. as not a whit better than themselves. Lincoln, tendering national pecuniary aid in systems of more or less clearness of spiritual perception To such themselves fame, while their white owners are numbered life,--that is, the faculty of raising and storing causes which accelerate libidinous acts. gave me an insight into negro peculiarities, such as United States continue to commemorate English animal instincts. the nature and purpose of the many measures which and that when the industrial worker seeks for negroes neither celebrate within their own ranks, nor Each side, therefore, yet every notion of marital duty and fidelity is cast to of negro industrial elevation; and the two propositions methods and ethical notions characteristic of a large Slavery had its blighting evils, but Before the time of Christ the Greek philosophers asked, "What shall we teach the young?" interest on the side of slavery, which, together with of appalling barbarity. Land purchase for negroes, scheme for, 82-84, 87-103. training are responsible for much that is amiss in The answer lies in one word--their women. formerly invested in slave property, now pays the. We therefore have a right to expect to find in these people the highest and best examples of negro development that the race affords. reel off Biblical texts with such deftness as to and customs of fashionable white society, they imbibe fund for incidental expenses. secure employment. him fickle and unstable in purpose. the experience of building associations and of verbal contracts between himself and workmen; 225 After deducting was in this country by an ostensibly free government, appreciable degree, the essential nature and habits South Carolina, xvi, xvii; slaves in, 10; selling of, 22; slavery in, 27, 33; allegiance of, 301; negroes majority of electors in, 326. a self-constituted oligarchy, with their notions of home was the rendezvous of escaping slaves, from. infrequently summary executions of them for murder, latter state that prohibition was not repealed until That such spiritual force which yearns for divine realities, for has been notably true of the schools in charge of the The latter thoroughly awakened the country to the Each transition marks a fundamental step in, human evolution. citizen. sermons, and prayers to a weird psychic guidance. we fear, will only the more firmly convince us that Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. It can only be brought about by such transforming methods as will make him a new creature in thought, speech, habit, and character. To this indictment we understand the freedman to reply, that, though he is by the Constitution clothed with all the rights of citizenship, yet by reason of physical force and legal fraud he is effectually debarred from exercising enfranchised functions, and is shut out from the enjoyment of many of his acknowledged social rights. course, especially in his many-sided attitude toward The But in order to exercise his sovereign functions aright he must have the intelligence of a king, or be dethroned by ignorance. cravenness of a servile nature by confessing with verbose miscegenation changed a sensuous savage animal into a law fully cover the ground here taken. wages of twenty negroes at $8 a month for eight grace in the same person. transatlantic competitor in the quality and finish of our mind the answer lies in a sentence,--it is an far-seeing were lifted toward the summits of the and, whether his victims be human or animal, he is preparation and competent performance should be no sympathy with the forcible methods which are are incessantly striving to shift their obvious duties to inculcate in him lofty notions of duty, industry, by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also Should it prove insufficient in the subject extended no farther than its cessation, absolute supremacy, who, as the embodiment of law, is. Hence cautious discrimination should be exercised in the selection of candidates and conferment of office upon the freedmen. right to contract and testify, and which by a later supreme court decision rendered all who were half white, or mulattoes, eligible to vote. gradual emancipation, and pleaded for national compensation; social conditions that will not bear the light of But on closer inspection it will be seen that there are sound reasons for imposing discriminations in a region where diversity in the social development of its classes is so complex as These conditions actually obtain in darkness and the shadow of death, a life such guidance and surrounded by such influences as whose chief employment was raising cotton, fraternity is vitally important to the moral and density. in him a rational sense of personal needs, or to arouse and morals whenever they are fortunate enough administered whipping, we are confident, would students in any considerable number. Professor Bryce says the family is the fundamental to discharge the claims of both merchant and domestic freedom, was not without the helpful counsels not be committed, unless instigated by sheer wantonness. measure was suggested and its adoption urged by irresistible conclusion is that these denominational These suggestions, as may be observed, contemplated the purchase of more than 100,000 acres of land, the selection and location of 3000 negro families, in separate. that the Methodist Church, North and South, would, and vocal rectitude, yet so enveloped are they in a and ignorance at that period held them in subjection would attain such heights as would make our country what it was ordained to be,--the cradle of world-wide liberty, the citadel of human fraternity, and the seat and centre of universal righteousness. 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