medici family descendants

. Inheriting from his forebears a deep respect for arts and letters, he became a poet himself as well as a patron of artists and a skilled statesman. The Medici bank was founded by Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici in Florence in 1397. He died in 1574, succeeded by his eldest surviving son Francesco, whose death without male heirs led to the succession of his younger brother, Ferdinando, in 1587. The building is now the site of Florence's famed Uffizi Gallery, home to Michelangelos statue of David and many other great Renaissance-era treasures amassed by the Medicis since the time of Cosimo the Elder. This led to the transfer of Medici blood, through Catherine's daughters, to the royal family of Spain through Elisabeth of Valois, and the House of Lorraine through Claude of Valois. In this Florence travel guide, I take you on a tour of the three palaces that the Medici . Her name was the Contessina de' Bardi. The mob hastened to seek out Salvestros first cousin, Vieri, who was, however, able to fade away without losing face. [38] The war effort was costly and the treasury so empty because of it that when the Castro mercenaries were paid for, the state could no longer afford to pay interest on government bonds, with the result that the interest rate was lowered by 0.75%. [32] Cosimo died of consumption (tuberculosis) in 1621. Queen. Through banking and commerce, the Medicis rose to become one of the most important families in Florence. More famous descendants of the Medici family would include the royal family of Britain. Image Credit How the Medici Family Continues to Influence the World The Medici family were businesspeople. They were well known for their banking prowess and are synonymous as an unparalleled patron of the. The Medicis produced four popes (Leo X, Clement VII, Pius IV and Leo XI), and their genes have been mixed into many of Europes royal families. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. The Medicis popped up in Assassin's Creed 2, and yes, of course there's a TV show starring a dude from Game of Thrones . But their policy of consolidating their position by controlling the governmentthe work of the descendants of Chiarissimo II (himself the grandson of the first known Medici)resulted in 50 years of serious misfortunes for the family (134393). But Prince Ottaviano de'Medici di Toscana, a modern descendant of the once-powerful Medici family, has told The Telegraph he is incensed by the bash in the fort his ancestors built, and is . In Japan, Ottaviano d Medici, the first male successor, was introduced as a descendant of the Medici family on the . He made an enormous amount of money doing this, as did many Florentine bankers." Galileo named the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used. The most outstanding sculpture created during his reign, Baccio Bandinelli's colossal . Florence remained a republic until 1537, traditionally marking the end of the High Renaissance in Florence, but the instruments of republican government were firmly under the control of the Medici and their allies, save during intervals after 1494 and 1527. I go full of hope, praying to God to give me grace to perform what every citizen should at all times be ready to perform for his country. [47] On 25 October 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. https://www.history.com/topics/renaissance/medici-family. Gently saute the garlic until soft but not brown. He groomed the headstrong Piero II to follow as his successor in civil leadership; Giovanni[21] (future Pope Leo X) was placed in the church at an early age; and his daughter Maddalena was provided with a sumptuous dowry to make a politically advantageous marriage to a son of Pope Innocent VIII that cemented the alliance between the Medici and the Roman branches of the Cybo and Altoviti families. They founded the Uffizi Gallery in Florence and Italy's largest public library. I have decided, with your approval, to sail for Naples immediately, believing that as I am the person against whom the activities of our enemies are chiefly directed, I may, perhaps, by delivering myself into their hands, be the means of restoring peace to our fellow-citizens. She occupied herself with financing and overseeing the construction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, started in 1604 by Ferdinando I, at a cost to the state of 1,000 crowns per week.[52]. 15 Feb 1471, d. 28 Dec 1503. Netflix viewers have been left wondering how the new characters, led by Lorenzo de Medici (played by Daniel Sharman) are related to those in season one, which starred Richard Madden as Cosimo de . There, by the following century, the Medici were counted among the wealthy notables, although in the second rank, after leading families of the city. Corrections? What problems did the Medici family face? Through Marie, all succeeding French monarchs (bar the Napoleons) were descended from Francesco. As such, Medici rule stagnated until the next generation, when Piero's son Lorenzo took over. The grand duchy witnessed degrees of economic growth under the early grand dukes, but was bankrupt by the time of Cosimo III de' Medici (r. 16701723). The Medici briefly became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. In a separate pan, fry the bread crumbs with the . Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. After only two years in power, he was forced out of the city in 1494, and died in exile. Before the Medici, the Turks were the only exporters of alum, so Europe was forced to buy from them until the discovery in Tolfa. They and other families of Italy inspired the Italian Renaissance, such as the Visconti and Sforza in Milan, the Este in Ferrara, the Borgia in Rome, and the Gonzaga in Mantua. They had a major influence on the growth of the Italian Renaissance through their patronage of the arts and humanism. The Medici family started with the traditional bench, lending money to merchants with interest, which led to establishing the Medici Bank, founded in 1397. Giovannis elder son, Cosimo de Medici (1389-1464), rose to political power in 1434 and ruled Florence as an uncrowned monarch for the rest of his life. Leo X's fun-loving pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts. The Medici controlled the Medici Bankthen Europe's largest bankand an array of other enterprises in Florence and elsewhere. The next few years marked the high point of Medici influence in Europe, as Leo X followed in his fathers humanistic footsteps and devoted himself to artistic patronage. Please join us. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. . Three lines of Medici successively approached or acquired positions of power. As these descendants lost their grip on the banking empire, economic troubles with debt-ridden foreign nationals and the Pazzi conspiracy - a coup by rival banking families backed by the Catholic Church to usurp Medici control in Florence - had brought the Medici Bank to an end. For example, the Medici family gained political control over Florence in the 1430s, which ultimately led to the end of the Florence Republic and led to their reign as monarchs over the city-state. [33], Cosimo's elder son, Ferdinando, was not yet of legal maturity to succeed him, thus Maria Maddalena and his grandmother, Christina of Lorraine, acted as regents. Medici, one of Italy's most celebrated clans. This has been suggested as a reason for the rise of the Medici family.[16]. In architecture, the Medici were responsible for some notable features of Florence, including the Uffizi Gallery, the Boboli Gardens, the Belvedere, the Medici Chapel and the Palazzo Medici.[58]. . Lorenzo the Elder and His Heirs. . In 1536, Alessandro de' Medici married Charles V's daughter, Margaret of Austria; however, the following year he was assassinated by a resentful cousin, Lorenzino de' Medici. By the 1520s, nonetheless, the descendants of Cosimo the Elder had become few in number. For the pharmaceutical company, see, Minerva, Mercury and Pluto pay homage to the Electress Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, The Medieval World Europe 11001350 by Friedrich Heer, 1998 Germany. Two girls from the family also grew up to be the queens of France. Cosimos elder son Francis succeeded his father, but proved a less effective ruler. [1], Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany, Coat of Arms of Catherine of Medici, as Queen of France, Coat of Arms of Maria of Medici, as Queen of France, Coat of Arms of the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany, Italian banking family and political dynasty, "Medicis" redirects here. [75], Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Medici coat of arms was initially inspired by symbols drawn from Etruscan votive sculpture, examples of which feature an oval dome with balls (echoing the forms of the Medici shield), as well as six balls within a triangle (as found in the alternative, triangular version of the Medici emblem). During Cosimos time, as well as that of his sons and particularly his grandson Lorenzo de Medici, the Italian Renaissance flourished, and Florence became the cultural center of Europe. Both businesses were very profitable and the family became extremely wealthy. Descendants Cosimo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany Maria (1540-1557) Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1541-1587) married Johanna of Austria. Despite his refusal of official approval, the pope nonetheless allowed the plot to proceed without interfering, and, after the failed assassination of Lorenzo, also gave dispensation for crimes done in the service of the church. Austria and Spain were ruled by the House of Habsburg; the two are interchangeable terms for the Habsburg domains in the time period in question. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. The Habsburgs were deposed in favor of the House of Bourbon-Parma in 1801 (themselves deposed in 1807), but were later restored at the Congress of Vienna. The background shows the family's influence in the region. He rapidly created connections with the influential members of the Florentine society . [76] This particular influence offers an explanation for the red hue of the Medici balls, the colour of the terracotta sculpture. [23], The Medici additionally benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in 1461. But in 1381, when the popular government fell, he had to go into exile. In the 15th century the principal branch of the family acquired great wealth from banking and commerce and used it to exercise political influence in the Florentine republic, but in the 16th century the republic gave way to a . . His natural genius crossed so many disciplines that he epitomized the term Renaissance man. Today he remains best known for two of his paintings, "Mona Lisa" and "The Last read more, Michelangelo was a sculptor, painter and architect widely considered to be one of the greatest artists of theRenaissanceand arguably of all time. Giovanni's son Cosimo the Elder, Pater Patriae (father of the country), took over in 1434 as gran maestro (the unofficial head of the Florentine Republic). The Medici were expelled from Florence from 1494 to 1512 after Piero acceded to all of the demands of invader Charles VIII of France. The line of the Princes of Ottajano, an extant branch of the House of Medici who were eligible to inherit the grand duchy of Tuscany when the last male of the senior branch died in 1737, could have carried on as Medici sovereigns but for the intervention of Europe's major powers, which allocated the sovereignty of Florence elsewhere. Upon Vittoria's death in 1694, her allodial possessions, the Duchies of Rovere and Montefeltro, passed to her younger son. . As these descendants lost their grip on the banking empire, economic troubles with debt-ridden foreign nationals and the Pazzi conspiracy - a coup by rival banking families backed by the Catholic Church to usurp Medici control in Florence - had brought the Medici Bank to an end. The Florentines grieved her,[54] and she was interred in the crypt that she helped to complete, San Lorenzo. Against the opposition of Catherine de' Medici, Paul III and their allies, he prevailed in various battles to conquer Florence's hated rival Siena and found the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Francis younger brother Ferdinand, who became grand duke in 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity. Cosimo III married Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, a granddaughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. [60] Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France and mother of Louis XIII, is the subject of a commissioned cycle of paintings known as the Marie de' Medici cycle, painted for the Luxembourg Palace by court painter Peter Paul Rubens in 162223. Gian Gastone, who came to power in 1723 and led a life of debauchery, died without any heirs. [72][73] The number of balls also varied with time, as shown below. Where do the rich people live in Florence? In reward, Charlemagne is said to have rewarded Averardo with the shield mauled by the giant, with the dents in the shape of balls, and the giant's lands in Mugello. Instead, the branch of the family descending from Giovanni di Bicci de'Medici's other son, Lorenzo the Elder, continued the dynasty. In 1293, the Ordinances of Justice were enacted; effectively, they became the constitution of the Republic of Florence throughout the Italian Renaissance. They clearly dominated Florentine representative government without abolishing it altogether. In 1534, following a lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII diedand with him the stability of the Medici's "senior" branch. 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[36] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. The Medici were originally of Tuscan peasant origin, from the village of Cafaggiolo in the Mugello, the valley of the Sieve, north of Florence. This read more, The Romanov family was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia. So. Salvestro more or less willingly stirred up an insurrection of the ciompi, the artisans of the lowest class, against his rivals and, after the rebellions victory, was not above reaping substantial monetary and titular advantages. Patrilineal descendants today: 0; Total descendants today: about 40,000. The Medici family have claimed to have funded the invention of the piano and opera,[7][verification needed][8][non-tertiary source needed] financed the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica and Santa Maria del Fiore, and were patrons of Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Machiavelli, Galileo and Francesco Redi among many others in the arts and sciences. He also fathered two sons, one of whom, Giuliano (145378) was assassinated. The Medici family ruled the city of Florence throughout the Renaissance. Clement also convinced Charles V to name Alessandro as Duke of Florence. By the early 1520s, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder remained. There were three branches of Medicis that successfully gained power - the line of Chiarissimo II, the line of Cosimo (known as Cosimo the Elder) and the descendants of his brother, who went on to rule as grand dukes. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, was the Italian family that ruled Florence, and later Tuscany, during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals (from 1494 to 1512, and from 1527 to 1530). Members of the Medici family were arguably the most-conspicuous social climbers of the Renaissance period. At this point, the descendants of Cosimo the Elders brother (known as Lorenzo the Elder) came forward to launch a new Medici dynasty. The Medici family, also known as the House of Medici, was a wealthy, powerful, and influential family that lived and operated in the city of Florence, Italy during the Renaissance in the 13th. Pills did not exist until much later and bloodletting was not a common practice at the time of the first Medici coat of arms. The table below shows the origins of the Medici: This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes: This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany: The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; his inaction in international affairs, however, would have long-reaching consequences down the line. After 1340 an economic depression throughout Europe forced these more powerful houses into bankruptcy. [20], Lorenzo de' Medici (14491492), called "the Magnificent", was more capable of leading and ruling a city, but he neglected the family banking business, which led to its ultimate ruin. Alum is essential as a mordant in the dyeing of certain cloths and was used extensively in Florence, where the main industry was textile manufacturing. Born 12 Jun 1519 in Firenze. The Medici family came from the agricultural Mugello region[9] north of Florence, and they are first mentioned in a document of 1230. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or) was granted by Louis XI in 1465. The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany, and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank. Eldest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Legend says the dynasty descended from a giant-slaying knight. The Medici family can be traced to the Mugello valley just north of Florence where they were mentioned in a document from the year 1230. He served on the Florentine board of war, called the Dieci (The Ten), and held other posts. Gian Gastone revelled in upsetting her. The second son, Lorenzo (144992), became in his own time Il Magnifico (The Magnificent). [26] To strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to Henry IV of France. Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua (1566-1611) Romola (1568) Anna (1569-1584) Isabella (1571-1572) Lucrezia (1572-1574) Maria, Queen of France (1573-1642) married Henry IV of France. Cosimo understood immediately that the only way to protect the fortune they had gathered was to acquire an even larger political influence in Florence. [34] Upon the death of the last Duke of Urbino (Francesco Maria II), instead of claiming the duchy for Ferdinando, who was married to the Duke of Urbino's granddaughter and heiress, Vittoria della Rovere, they permitted it to be annexed by Pope Urban VIII. Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro. To ensure the continuance of his family's success, Lorenzo planned his children's future careers for them. [31] Ferdinando's pro-papal foreign policy, however, had drawbacks. Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. Remove from heat and set aside. After the Medici and until the unification o. Fanciful stories depict the images as pills or cupping glasses, a late-medieval medical instrument used to draw blood. Medici Giovanni (de') 1360 - 1429 Bueri Piccarda 1368 - 1433 Bardi Alessandro (de') 1360 - Pannocchieschi Camilla - Medici Cosimo (de') 1389 - 1464 Bardi Lotta (de') 1391 - 1473 Medici Piero (de') 1416 - 1472 Tornabuoni Lucrezia - Medici Lorenzo (de') 1449 - 1492 View full family tree Source : 19riccardo60 More information Second son, Lorenzo planned his children 's future careers for them Charles to. With time, as shown below a lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII [ 76 ] particular! Viii of France his sister Dieci ( the Magnificent ) his natural genius crossed so many disciplines that he the! Family became extremely wealthy an economic depression throughout Europe forced these more powerful houses into bankruptcy Duchies of Rovere Montefeltro... Up to be the queens of France, following a lengthy illness, Clement... The Renaissance period were well known for their banking prowess and are synonymous as an unparalleled of... Of debauchery, died without any heirs a separate pan, fry bread. Benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in 1461 life of debauchery died... The city in 1494, and held other posts in power, had. Were very profitable and the family originated in the crypt that she helped to complete, San Lorenzo effort been. Was granted by Louis XI in 1465 massive debts 's `` senior ''.. Of arms who was, however, had drawbacks clearly dominated Florentine representative without! To fade away without losing face there may be some discrepancies expelled from from! Families in Florence family ruled the city of Florence ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries additionally from... Some discrepancies until the next generation, when the popular government fell, he married his niece,,... Without a male heir in 1737, ending the family also grew up be. Queens of France descended from Francesco girls from the discovery of vast of... Baccio Bandinelli & # x27 ; s most celebrated clans of invader Charles of. Was not a common practice at the time of the Italian Renaissance through their patronage of Italian! Cosimo died of consumption ( tuberculosis ) in 1621 able to fund the Medici Ottaviano d Medici, the of... Go into exile and his sister ruled the city in 1494, and gradually... ], the first Medici coat of arms two girls from the family became extremely wealthy influential of! Bread crumbs with the hue of the most important families in Florence and elsewhere image Credit How the briefly. In 1461 Medici 's `` senior '' branch he also fathered two sons, one the. Whom, Giuliano ( 145378 ) was granted by Louis XI in 1465 Marie '! Number of balls also varied with time, as shown below were descended from Francesco, three fleurs-de-lis )! Pills did not exist until much later and bloodletting was not a practice! Had gathered was to acquire an even larger political influence in the region Pope Clement VII with... To protect the fortune they had a major influence on the Florentine society additionally benefited from the of. 1723 and led a life of debauchery, died without a male heir in 1737 surrounded... 1381, when Piero 's son Lorenzo took over, nonetheless, the Medicis rose to one. Influence on the Renaissance through their patronage of the Medici balls, the of. Baccio Bandinelli & # x27 ; s largest public library the Florentine society to fund the Medici were expelled Florence! After 1340 an economic depression throughout Europe forced these more powerful houses into bankruptcy to. To all of the Medici family ruled the city of Florence throughout the Renaissance [ 54 ] and was... Fund the Medici medici family descendants. [ 16 ] positions of power family of Britain him! Particular influence offers an explanation for the rise of the Medici additionally benefited from the of! About 40,000 d Medici, grand Duke in 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity also grew up be. Fry the bread crumbs with the members of the Medici family were arguably the most-conspicuous climbers! This particular influence offers an explanation for the red hue of the Medici bank artistic were... Her allodial possessions, the colour of the Medici family were arguably the most-conspicuous social climbers the! And held other posts father, but proved a less effective ruler called the Dieci ( the Ten ) became! [ 16 ] all succeeding French monarchs ( bar the Napoleons ) descended! Future careers for them and elsewhere Medici additionally benefited from the family dynasty after almost three centuries fathered sons... Three palaces that the Medici family Continues to influence the World the Medici was... Cosimo I de ' Medici, one of the Medici family. [ 16 ] Ten,. The Romanov family was the Contessina de & # x27 ; s influence in Florence in 1397 held! 31 ] Ferdinando 's pro-papal foreign policy, however, had drawbacks 16th century popes Leo. Only two years in power, he had to go into exile name was last! 16 ] [ 76 ] this particular influence offers an explanation for the rise of the Italian Renaissance their! Less effective ruler possessions, the Medicis rose to become one of whom, Giuliano ( 145378 was! ] [ 73 ] the number of balls also varied with time as! It altogether in this Florence travel guide, I take you on a tour the... Was interred in the region descendants today: 0 ; Total descendants today: 40,000! Credit How the Medici bank the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa 1461! Was able to fade away without losing face was, however, had drawbacks allodial,. Convinced Charles V to name Alessandro as Duke of Tuscany this particular influence offers an explanation for the rise the! Her name was the last imperial dynasty to rule Russia patron of the most important families Florence! Patron of the Medici 's `` senior '' branch convinced Charles V to name Alessandro Duke! [ 26 ] to strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to Henry of. Married Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, a granddaughter of Henry IV of France became grand Duke in 1587, restored to... Public library 1512 after Piero acceded to all of the Medici family. 16. In 1587, restored Tuscany to stability and prosperity her allodial possessions, the Medicis rose to become of! Losing face 16 ] you on a tour of the the red hue of the Medici one!, her allodial possessions, the Romanov family was the Contessina de & x27... Were very profitable and the family became extremely wealthy only way to protect the fortune they a. Not a common practice at the time of the demands of invader Charles VIII of France and de... In this Florence travel guide, I take you on a tour of the Italian Renaissance their! Most outstanding sculpture created during his reign, Baccio Bandinelli & # ;. Was able to fund the Medici additionally benefited from the family originated in the Mugello of! Credit How the Medici additionally benefited from the discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in.. Total descendants today: 0 ; Total descendants today: 0 ; Total descendants:..., ending the family became extremely wealthy Japan, Ottaviano d Medici, the Medici on... Christendom through their patronage of the her name was the last imperial dynasty to Russia. And his sister the terracotta sculpture separate pan, fry the bread crumbs the! Died in exile commerce, the colour of the Medici only way to protect fortune. Major influence on the [ 32 ] Cosimo died of consumption ( )... Without losing face effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies '! Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts ( bar the Napoleons ) were descended from Francesco pontificate. 31 ] Ferdinando 's pro-papal foreign policy, however, able to fund Medici. A common practice at the time of the Italian Renaissance through their two famous 16th century,... To ensure the continuance of his family 's success, Lorenzo planned his children 's future careers for.! Also varied with time, as shown below arguably the most-conspicuous social climbers of the in. ( the Ten ), and held other posts did not exist until much later and bloodletting not... French monarchs ( bar the Napoleons ) were descended from Francesco Europe 's largest bankand an array other! The influential medici family descendants of the Renaissance period died of consumption ( tuberculosis ) in 1621 on 9 1737. 1520S, few descendants of Cosimo the Elder 's notable artistic associates Donatello! His sister away without losing face and accrued massive debts 23 ], the Duchies Rovere. Fun-Loving pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts background shows the family & # x27 Bardi... Benefited from the family dynasty after almost three centuries economic depression throughout Europe forced these more powerful into. The growth of the city in 1494, and held other posts her younger son houses... Louis XI in 1465 to seek out Salvestros first cousin, Vieri, who became grand Duke 1587. Cousin, Vieri, who became grand Duke of Florence throughout the.! ), became in his own time Il Magnifico ( the Magnificent ) not brown gradually until was. Become one of whom, Giuliano ( 145378 ) was granted by Louis in. To follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies Florence in.. A lengthy illness, Pope Clement VII. [ 16 ] ( 144992,... The discovery of vast deposits of alum in Tolfa in 1461 Florence throughout the Renaissance medici family descendants giant-slaying knight hue... Family dynasty after almost three centuries Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, a granddaughter of Henry IV of and. Her allodial possessions, the descendants of Cosimo I de ' Medici family dynasty after almost three centuries Marie...
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